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proxy, also known as proxy, also referred to as proxy or proxy server, is a server software that acts acting as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a user would make a request to purchase something direct to a server, and servers would deliver the item directly to the client. Although this method is easy to understand and implement, proxies can provide benefits like improved speed, privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer proxy acts as a gatekeeper of the internet between servers and users.




Generally speaking it is the bundled set of server hardware with installed proxy software is often described as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are generally referred to as software, and those that are used together with web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two types of proxy servers, which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each comes with its own specific usage scenario, which is frequently misunderstood due to the same terms.




This article will give you an idea of the types of proxy services and what their subtypes are as well as how they are useful in common configurations. Through this article, you will be able to recognize the situations where you can benefit from proxy services and decide on the best alternative between reverse and forward proxy for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also called an open proxy is an agent used by users who want to send a request through the internet to an the server that made the request. In this scenario it is the case that all requests made by the client should be routed straight at the forward proxy. Forward proxy in position of the customer will examine the request. It will determine if the client is able to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client is not able to have an internet connection directly but it is able to access what the forward proxy gives to access.




The primary reason for people for using forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy can be used to browse the internet in place of clients, and in the process, it'll use an alternative IP address to the original IP address that the client uses.




Based on how it was set up according to how it was set up forward proxy may offer you a range of functions as well as the ability to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that offer central security, as well as permission-based access, like in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic flows by an open forward proxy an administrator is able to allow access only to a few people to connect on the internet, which is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer which may comprise several computers that have different users and environments, a firewall could be installed in the intermediate layer.




Be aware that forward proxies need to be manually setup before they can be used for use and reverse proxy servers are not able to be noticed by the user. Depending on whether an IP address for the user is sent to the server which originated it by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are several possibilities to consider for forward proxies:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server offering forward proxy capability.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy capability.


Squid: A free forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not a complete web server service. Read our guide on how to configure Squid proxy for private connection within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP to make it more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to examine how you can set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server could represent one server or several servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server, like Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request is made from a user on the internet at large. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the web server that hosts the information the user is looking for. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary in order to shield Web server from any direct interactions with the open internet.




From the point of view of the user that is a person's perspective, working using reverse proxy is any different from working with Web server in direct communication. It works the same as the web server and the user is unable to tell the difference. The client can make a request for the resource and it is then provided with the resource without any additional configuration by the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide certain features, such as:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is incoming based on rules you set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse-proxies apply this for their web server layer and not the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls within the layer of web servers which may contain multiple servers that have different configurations The majority of firewall security is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the detachment of the obligation to interface with firewalls and connecting with requests from customers from web servers enables them to concentrate on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers that are running via a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy could be also responsible for the direction of which requests are directed through which server. There could be multiple web servers serving the same resource, however each of them offering a different kind of resources or a combination of both. These servers may be running an HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however they could also incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. There is the possibility to set up a reverse proxy to direct visitors to a specific server according to the type of resource they're looking for, or to follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position before web servers, by providing the capability of caching. Large static assets can be capable of being configured with rules for caching to avoid the web server from being hit on every request. There are solutions offering the option of providing static files directly without connecting with the server on any manner. In addition, reverse proxy will manage the compressing these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server is also a very popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy service, the Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy feature, which is an additional feature in Apache however Nginx was initially designed and focused on the reverse proxy function.



The difference is between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, they also create false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic and can cause confusion since both types of proxies are able to manage requests and responses. The best method of separating the forward and reverse proxies would be to look at the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is helpful when building an application that connects web applications to the internet. They function as servers when you interact using the internet.




Forward proxy are beneficial when they are put before the user for private use, or even in a working environment. They act as your client's proxy whenever you interact on the internet.




Differentiating by case of use in lieu of looking at the same names will ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article explains the definition of a proxy along with two types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of beneficial features were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy servers, then you must read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as web server and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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