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An proxy, also called a proxy server software that serves as an intermediary between server and user on the internet. With no proxy in place, a customer could submit a request for an online service directly from a server and the server would serve the resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and implement, adding proxies offers advantages such as increased performance as well as privacy, security and much more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy functions as a gatekeeper of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the mixture of the server's hardware with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software and specifically in relation to web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage situation, and it is frequently not understood due to the similar terminology.




This article will give you details on what proxy services and their subtypes are, and how they work with a range of configurations. Through this article, you will be able identify instances where using proxies can be beneficial, and choose the most appropriate solution for reverse or forward proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as an open proxy acts as a representative for a user who wishes to send an internet request to an the server that originated it. In this situation, the entire process of sending requests from the user is instead made through the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in place of the client will take a look at the request. Then, it will determine whether this client is authorized to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny any request or to forward it to the source server. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It can access only what forward proxy permits it to access.




A popular use for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of a client, and by doing this, it could utilize an alternative IP address to the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it's been configured depending on how it's set up forward proxy could offer you a variety of features based on how it is configured it, allowing you to:




Do not be a victim of ad-tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize the restrictions based on your geographical location.




Forward proxies can also be used for security systems that are centralized as well as access that is permission-based, like at a workplace. If all traffic on the internet passes via an open forward proxy an administrator is able to permit only a few clients connection to internet through the common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the server layer which could comprise a range of devices that operate in various environments and users. A firewall may be placed on top of this forward proxy layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxies need to be manually set up in order to be used, whereas reverse proxies can not be noticed by the user. Based on the type of IP address of the user, they are transferred to the server from which it originated through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or denied.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache An open source well-known web server that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. We have an article on how to set up Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suitable for use instances such as peer-to -peer traffic. You can also learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is an agent for the web server which manages any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise servers, or even multiple servers. It could also be an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will originate from the web in general. In the majority of cases, requests will then be made directly to a web server along with the resources the user seeks. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct interaction with the internet.




From the viewpoint of a user the experience of using a reverse proxy is no different than communicating with an internet server directly. It's basically the same, but the client can't discern the difference. The client asks for the resource, and is then provided with it, without any further configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


Controlling traffic that is incoming according to rules you have set.


New feature added to caching.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxies offer this feature only to that layer on the webserver, not clients. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in webserver level, that could include multiple servers and different configurations, the bulk in firewall protection is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to concentrate on addressing the requirements of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers running a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy can also handle the direction that requests are directed towards which servers. Multiple web servers could be operating within the same system, offering different types of resources or a mix of both. They may use the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, however they may also be able to be equipped with protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up a reverse proxy that directs visitors to specific server according to the service requested, or to adhere to a set of rules for the traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also benefit by their position over web servers, as they provide the ability to cache. The large static resources can be configured using caching rules to prevent having to contact web servers every time. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static files without having to interact with the webserver even once. In addition the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server is also used as an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Even though Apache is an alternative to reverse proxy however, the Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy functions, but it's an additional feature that is available to Apache in contrast to Nginx was designed initially to and focuses upon the feature of reverse proxy.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing as the two types of proxies deal with the processing of requests as well as responses. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful when building a solution to offer web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction you make on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when they are displayed in front of users either for personal use, or even in an office setting. They represent the traffic of your client every time you connect to the internet.




The practice of separating by use case, instead of using only the most common naming conventions will ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy with the two primary types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use and a look at advantageous features were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're looking to know more about the possibilities of proxies, then you can check out our guide for configuring Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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